NOVEL RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS
Keywords:
Adiponectin, Glycosylated, Hemoglobin, Lipid profile, Type II, diabetes mellitus, Coronary Heart diseaseAbstract
Objective: To evaluate adiponectin, a novel biomarker, and other known cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic subjects belonging to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in Bio-Chemistry Department Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan from January 2016 to December 2016, the participants were randomly selected from the OPDs of three tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. The study comprised of two groups. Group A contained 60 type 2 diabetic subjects having coronary heart disease and group B consisted of healthy control. Detailed history of all participants was recorded on a questionnaire including their blood pressure and body mass index. Fasting blood samples were collected and were analyzed for serum adiponectin level, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and fasting lipid profile including cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein. Analysis of the data was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 19.
Results: Patients who had type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease were found to have low adiponectin (3.2±1.1 vs. 11.7±2.6, P=<0.01) and high density lipoprotein (33.05±8.6 vs. 42.86±9.4, p=<0.01)) and significantly high levels
of fasting blood glucose (198.1±106.7 vs. 90.5±15.7, p=<0.01), glycosylated hemoglobin (8.7±1.5 vs. 5.1±0.3, p=<0.01), total cholesterol (218.6±44.02 vs. 195.8±30.3), triglycerides (235.1±66.7 vs. 200.86±64.2) and low density lipoprotein (136.5±42.3 vs. 112.02±29.5). Moreover; they were mostly males and were of increased age group (60.6±9.7 vs. 46±5.3). All known risk factors of CHD such as use of tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity, hypertension, genetic history of diabetes and coronary heart disease were present in higher percentage in diabetics having coronary heart disease than the healthy control group.
Conclusion: Marked hypoadiponectinemia, and traditional risk factors such as poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia are present in diabetic subjects having coronary heart disease.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All articles published in the Journal of Medical Sciences (JMS) are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0). Under the CC BY 4.0 license, author(s) retain the ownership of the copyright publishing rights without restrictions for their content, and allow others to copy, use, print, share, modify, and distribute the content of the article even for commercial purposes as long as the original authors and the journal are properly cited. No permission is required from the author/s or the publishers for this purpose. Appropriate attribution can be provided by simply citing the original article. The corresponding author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors, a worldwide license to JMS and its licensees in all forms, formats, and media (whether known now or created in the future), The corresponding author must certify and warrant the authorship and proprietorship and should declare that he/she has not granted or assigned any of the article’s rights to any other person or body.
The corresponding author must compensate the journal for any costs, expenses, or damages that the JMS may incur as a result of any breach of these warranties including any intentional or unintentional errors, omissions, copyright issues, or plagiarism. The editorial office must be notified upon submission if an article contains materials like text, pictures, tables, or graphs from other copyrighted sources. The JMS reserves the right to remove any images, figures, tables, or other content, from any article, whether before or after publication, if concerns are raised about copyright, license, or permissions and the authors are unable to provide documentation confirming that appropriate permissions were obtained for publication of the content in question.
