GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES IN CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK PROFILES AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH AND WITHOUT CORONARY HEART DISEASE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.26.34.3.3Abstract
Objective: To compare gender-based differences in cardiometabolic risk profiles among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without coronary heart disease
Materials and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Khyber Medical College and Khyber Teaching Hospital and included 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: 100 with coronary heart disease and 100 without. Clinical and laboratory data included age, BMI, obesity, hypertension, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRP, and fibrinogen. Statistical analyses included independent-samples t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Pearson chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression.
Results: Females had a higher mean BMI than males (p<0.001) and a higher prevalence of obesity (p<0.001). Median triglycerides were also higher among females (271 versus 240 mg/dL, p=0.037). Although females had higher mean HDL-C, low HDL-C by gender-specific thresholds was more common among females (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Females had a greater burden of obesity and adverse triglyceride and HDL-C patterns. Glycemic control and triglyceride reduction may be more important determinants of CHD than gender alone.
Keywords: Coronary heart disease; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; gender differences; obesity; triglycerides; HbA1c; HDL cholesterol
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Copyright (c) 2026 Sobia Ali, Bibi Hajira Ishaq, Madiha Hameed, Zahid Sarfaraz Khan, kashif Ur Rehman khalil, Ubaidullah
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