IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CARCINOMA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.26.34.3.9Keywords:
Expression, Immunohistochemistry, Androgen receptors, Triple negative breast cancersAbstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, affecting 25% of women during their
Lifetime.(1) In 2020, 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, with a mortality of 685,000 worldwide Among Asian countries, the incidence of breast
cancer is highest in Pakistan, with every ninth woman at risk of being diagnosed with
breast cancer. The report released by the International Agency of Research on Cancer.
In 2018, the incidence of breast cancer was 34,066 in Pakistani women (2)
According to the St. Gallen Consensus 2011, Breast cancer is categorized into 3 major
subtypes based on the presence or absence of molecular markers. Luminal subtype
accounts for majority of the cases (70%) are defined as tumors expressing hormone
receptors i.e estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), accounting for
70% of cases; HER2-overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ER-
/PR-/HER2+), accounting for 15-20% cases and, with 15 % cancers lacking all three
designated as triple negative breast cancers /TNBCs (ER-/PR-/HER2-)(3) (4)
According to the recent tumor classification systems, markers of tumor proliferation and
aggressiveness, such as histologic grade or Ki-67 status, are used to subclassify luminal
type into luminal A (ER+/PR+/HER2-/lowKi-67); and Luminal B (ER+/PR+/HER2-
/+/high Ki-67)(5)
Those cancers that express ER, PR or Her2-neu are amenable to targeted therapies
directed at these receptors; however, TNBC patients are treated with traditional
chemotherapeutic reagents, leading to relapse, aggressive nature, poor therapeutic
response and highly invasive nature (6) (7)In an effort to develop targeted therapies for TNBC, it will be necessary to differentiate among specific TNBC subtypes (8)
Many researches further subclassify TNBC. Cluster analysis identified six subtypes of
TNBC, including 2 basal-like (BL1 and BL2), an immunomodulatory (IM), a
mesenchymal (M), a mesenchymal stem-like (MSL), and lastly the luminal androgen
receptor (LAR) subtype (9)
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ayesha Sajjad, Faryal Javed, Shifa Basharat, Maria Khan, Zara Nisar, Maria Tasneem Khattak, Iqbal Mohammad Khan
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