SPECTRUM OF CHANGES IN HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT LEUKEMIAS
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Abstract
Objective: To determine the spectrum of changes in hematological parameters in Leukemia subtypes.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital in Peshawar from January 2024 to July 2024, after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review and Ethical Board, using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. In this study, a total of 69 patients with acute and chronic leukemias were included. A Sysmex hematology analyzer was utilized to perform complete blood counts. The full blood count findings were recorded and analyzed using SPSS-23. The mean and standard deviation were applied to analyze quantitative variables, while qualitative data was examined as frequency and percentages.
Results: The average age of the study participants was 18 ± 13.94 years. The changes in blood counts included low hemoglobin levels in 68.5%, 82.35%, 100%, and 88% of ALL, AML, CLL, and CML cases, respectively, and a high TLC count in 60%, 41%, 62%, and 59% of ALL, AML, CLL, and CML cases, respectively. Thus, chronic leukemias have a higher incidence of low hemoglobin and high TLC counts compared to acute leukemias. There was a decrease in platelet count in 45.7%, 94%, and 62.5% of ALL, AML, and CLL cases, respectively, but an increase in platelet count in 88% of CML cases.
Conclusion: All leukemias are characterized by anemia, elevated white cell count, and thrombocytopenia, except chronic myeloid leukemia, which has elevated platelet counts. Complete blood count parameters provide sufficient information about the underlying leukemia subtype.
Keywords: Acute Lymphocytic leukemia, Acute Myeloid leukemia, Complete blood count, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Chronic myeloid leukemia.
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