EFFECTS OF CAFFEINATED ENERGY DRINK WITHDRAWAL ON HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ADULT ALBINO RAT KIDNEYS
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: The present study investigated withdrawal effects of caffeinated energy drink on renal histological and biochemical parameters of adult albino rats.
Material and method: Thirty adult male rats weighing 250±10gm were equally divided into 3 groups. Rats in group I received normal diet and water for 8 weeks. Rats in group II received 3.57ml/kg body weight red bull for 8 weeks. Group III received 3.57ml/kg body weight red bull for 4weeks, followed by normal diet and water for next 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken through tail vein at end of 4 and 8 weeks for determination of serum urea and creatinine levels. After completion of 8 weeks rats were sacrificed, kidneys were removed and slides were prepared using Periodic acid-Schiff stain. Readings were taken through image j software and results were analyzed by SPSS.
Results: On histological examination decrease in diameter of glomerulus along with widening of bowman capsule space was observed. In withdrawal group, the histological changes were not reverted to normal since no significant difference was observed when compared to energy drink group with P?0.05.
Amongst the biochemical parameters, serum urea levels were increased significantly in the energy drink group. In the withdrawal group, serum urea levels were not reduced at the end of 8 weeks, results were significant when compared with control group with p value 0.000.No significant results were observed in case of serum creatinine levels.
Conclusion: Histological and biochemical changes in adult albino rats kidneys are not reversible after withdrawal of caffeinated energy drinks.
Article Details
All articles published in the Journal of Medical Sciences (JMS) are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0). Under the CC BY 4.0 license, author(s) retain the ownership of the copyright publishing rights without restrictions for their content, and allow others to copy, use, print, share, modify, and distribute the content of the article even for commercial purposes as long as the original authors and the journal are properly cited. No permission is required from the author/s or the publishers for this purpose. Appropriate attribution can be provided by simply citing the original article. The corresponding author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors, a worldwide license to JMS and its licensees in all forms, formats, and media (whether known now or created in the future), The corresponding author must certify and warrant the authorship and proprietorship and should declare that he/she has not granted or assigned any of the article’s rights to any other person or body.
The corresponding author must compensate the journal for any costs, expenses, or damages that the JMS may incur as a result of any breach of these warranties including any intentional or unintentional errors, omissions, copyright issues, or plagiarism. The editorial office must be notified upon submission if an article contains materials like text, pictures, tables, or graphs from other copyrighted sources. The JMS reserves the right to remove any images, figures, tables, or other content, from any article, whether before or after publication, if concerns are raised about copyright, license, or permissions and the authors are unable to provide documentation confirming that appropriate permissions were obtained for publication of the content in question.