POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING-AN ALARMING SYMPTOM OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of postmenopausal bleeding in terms of risk factors, incidence of endometrial carcinoma and histopathological evaluation of endometrium.
Material and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit “C”, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from January 2012 to February 2014. A total of 36 patients with postmenopausal bleeding were enrolled in the study (aged 49-78 years). These patients were evaluated by transvaginal ultrasonography, diagnostic curettage and endometrial biopsy followed by histological assessment of the endometrium.
Results: On histological analysis, malignancy was found in 33.3% cases. The most common malignancy was endometrial
carcinoma (30.55%), while one case of cervical carcinoma (2.8%) was detected. Pre-malignant lesions (atypical endometrial hyperplasia) were found in 14% cases. Benign causes were responsible for 52.8% cases of postmenopausal bleeding, among them atrophic endometrium was the most common finding (36.8%), followed by chronic endometritis (31.6%) and benign endometrial polyps (26.3%). Furthermore, obesity (72.7%), diabetes mellitus (54.5%) and hypertension
(27.3%) were frequently observed in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
Conclusion: Postmenopausal bleeding is an alarming symptom and therefore, further investigation is mandatory in order to detect endometrial cancer at an early stage and affect a cure.
Article Details
All articles published in the Journal of Medical Sciences (JMS) are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0). Under the CC BY 4.0 license, author(s) retain the ownership of the copyright publishing rights without restrictions for their content, and allow others to copy, use, print, share, modify, and distribute the content of the article even for commercial purposes as long as the original authors and the journal are properly cited. No permission is required from the author/s or the publishers for this purpose. Appropriate attribution can be provided by simply citing the original article. The corresponding author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors, a worldwide license to JMS and its licensees in all forms, formats, and media (whether known now or created in the future), The corresponding author must certify and warrant the authorship and proprietorship and should declare that he/she has not granted or assigned any of the article’s rights to any other person or body.
The corresponding author must compensate the journal for any costs, expenses, or damages that the JMS may incur as a result of any breach of these warranties including any intentional or unintentional errors, omissions, copyright issues, or plagiarism. The editorial office must be notified upon submission if an article contains materials like text, pictures, tables, or graphs from other copyrighted sources. The JMS reserves the right to remove any images, figures, tables, or other content, from any article, whether before or after publication, if concerns are raised about copyright, license, or permissions and the authors are unable to provide documentation confirming that appropriate permissions were obtained for publication of the content in question.