SURGICAL OUTCOME OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL MALIGNANCIES
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the surgical outcome of upper Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from January 2012 to December 2014. One hundred and ninty patients of either gender, diagnosed as having upper GI malignancy (esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, gall bladder) on the basis of histopathology were included in the study. Detailed information was recorded about the age and gender distribution, staging of respective cancer, surgical management, and post-operative morbidity and mortality.
Results: Of the 190 patients with upper GI malignancies, 88 (46%) had esophageal carcinoma; 47 (25%) had gastric carcinoma, 27 (14%) had pancreatic carcinoma and 28 (15%) had gall bladder cancer. 80.68% of the esophageal cancers were adenocarcinomas and 19.31% were squamous cell carcinomas based on histopathology reports. Males were predominantly affected (69.31%). Majority (73.86%) patients were diagnosed in stage III esophageal cancer. Transhiatal esophagectomy was the surgery of choice in 78.40% of the patients with esophageal cancer. Post-operatively,
30 day mortality was 11%. Among the gastric cancer patients, 65% had adenocarcinoma; 20% had squamous cell carcinoma; 10% had Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST); and 5% had gastric lymphoma. Again, males were predominantly involved (55%). Majority (56.52%) of the patients were diagnosed in stage IV of gastric carcinoma. Only 10 patients underwent surgery, while the remaining 13 received palliative therapy. 30-day post-operative mortality was 20%. Three of the 27 pancreatic cancers were adenocarcinomas. Males were predominantly affected (66.66%). Five patients underwent Whipple’s Procedure, of whom 2 expired. Female to male ratio in gall bladder cancer was 3:1 (75%: 25%). Ninty percent of the patients presented with advanced disease. Six month survival rate was <2%.
Conclusion: Esophageal and gastric carcinomas are the most frequently encountered upper GI malignancies. If diagnosed at an early stage, all malignancies carry a better prognosis with appropriate surgical intervention. Late presentation carries a poor prognosis.
Article Details
All articles published in the Journal of Medical Sciences (JMS) are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0). Under the CC BY 4.0 license, author(s) retain the ownership of the copyright publishing rights without restrictions for their content, and allow others to copy, use, print, share, modify, and distribute the content of the article even for commercial purposes as long as the original authors and the journal are properly cited. No permission is required from the author/s or the publishers for this purpose. Appropriate attribution can be provided by simply citing the original article. The corresponding author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors, a worldwide license to JMS and its licensees in all forms, formats, and media (whether known now or created in the future), The corresponding author must certify and warrant the authorship and proprietorship and should declare that he/she has not granted or assigned any of the article’s rights to any other person or body.
The corresponding author must compensate the journal for any costs, expenses, or damages that the JMS may incur as a result of any breach of these warranties including any intentional or unintentional errors, omissions, copyright issues, or plagiarism. The editorial office must be notified upon submission if an article contains materials like text, pictures, tables, or graphs from other copyrighted sources. The JMS reserves the right to remove any images, figures, tables, or other content, from any article, whether before or after publication, if concerns are raised about copyright, license, or permissions and the authors are unable to provide documentation confirming that appropriate permissions were obtained for publication of the content in question.